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Zhu Zi’s annotation on the theoretical logic and historical meaning of “New People”
Author: Liu Jun (Middle of Zhu Zi’s Research and Research at Wuyi Academy, Fujian Provincial Social Science Research Base)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2023 No. 5 The issue of the issue: Zhu Zi’s annotation “New People” abides by the principle of “recommending it with literature” and “examining it with literature”. His logical thinking is: everyone has a clear morality and needs to understand his virtues, and determines the ability of the new people from the most basic perspective; the main nature and ” The new people’s real needs are difficult to complete the problem of improvement, and have determined the needs of the new people from the overall perspective. The new people’s real needs cooperate with the “people below” and “people below” to work together, and use the “meaning of the rules”, “supering them to give them a gift”, and “supering them to punish”, and always maintain the unremitting energy of “new, new and new every day”. Zhu Zi’s annotation that “new and easy-to-common” must have a comprehensive combination of the classical “keeping up to the truth” and “innovation”, which contains many unique and innovative historical meanings and contemporary values.
Zhu Zi’s annotation of the “Four Books” promoted the creative development of pre-Qin Confucianism, gave novel ideas to classics, and realized the “integrity-keeping innovation” of classics. This point is most obvious in “Big Chapters and Sentences”. This article selects examples of Zhu Zi’s annotation of “New People” and uses philosophical methods such as “Why can it be enough” to show Zhu Zi’s logical thinking of “New People” and thus develops its historical meaning and contemporary inspiration.
1. Zhu Zi’s change of “family” to “new” is an innovation in “big school”. From “Big School” to “Big School” has gone through a long historical process, and has condensed the thought essence of many thinking schools in the two Han, Tang and Song dynasties. Zhu Zi is a master of the collection. “Travel Notes·Big Learning” in Zheng Xuan’s “Three Gift Notes” is the earliest “Travel Learning” work that can be found today. Confucius, a scholar in the early Tang Dynasty, called Wen Tian’s “Big School” two stages, especially focusing on the main nature of “integrity”. Korea increasingly regarded “Big Xue” as a major “book” like “Mencius” and “Yi Ji”. In “The Original Tao”, he used “the people who wanted to clearly understand the virtues of the whole country” to sing the Confucian state, and proposed the moral cultivation path of “correcting the heart – being sincere – self-cultivating – a family – governing the country – pacifying the whole country” based on “Big Xue”. Influenced by various epoch-related reasons such as economy, politics, and thinking, the rulers and thinkers of the Northern Song Dynasty paid more attention to “Big School”. Sima Guang once explained “Big School” alone, and the thinkingers of “Big School” and Zhou Dunxi, Shao Yong, Wang Anshi and other thinkers were involved in the “Big School”. Cheng Xi even mentioned “The Book of Kong’s Family” as “When I first learned to learn to be moral.The position of “Zhimen”1 refers to “the Doctrine of the Mean”, “The Discussion” and “Mencius” as “small story”. He proposed that “the “family” is originally “new” and has undoubtedly the meaning of planning and become the main source of theoretical relevance and direct theoretical for Zhu Xi to describe “newly”. In comparison, for the discussion of “Big School”, Han The Tang Siwei family’s discussions were more annotated but less meaningful. The Northern Song Dynasty’s thinking school focused more on the basis of persisting in training. Zhu Zi’s previous reflections on “Big School” must mean the stagnation of Zhu Zi’s “Big School Chapters”, and naturally it is also the ideological resources and principles of Zhu Zi’s interpretation of “new people”彩彩彩
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� From the deep meaning, we need to conduct a deep study.
About whether it would be appropriate for Zhu Xi to change “family” to “new common people”, a student asked this question at that time and directly asked Zhu Xi: “What is the reason for Cheng Zi’s change to be new? What is the test of the son from him? And it is not a question of doubt that it is like the truth of his own intention? 2 Zhu Xi replied: “If it is changed without examining, it is a kind of truth to my son. Nowadays, those who are civilized are unreasonable in their literary way to express their opinions. New scholars have some clues to examine their opinions based on their literary way. Cheng Zi has also been reviewed here. ” (“Big or Question”, pages 509-510)
Zhu Zi’s answer not only clarifies the basis and reliability of changing “family” to “newly” but also expresses the reason for the change. Zhu Zi’s passage expresses at most three meanings: First, changing “family” to “newly” is not “revising the text according to one’s own will”, but has passed the examination. Zhu Zi’s answer method confessed, and some people raised doubts about this in his imagination. Zhu Zi was influenced by his father and The influence of the “Practical” teaching of teachers, especially Li Tong, is very realistic in learning, respects literature very much, and attaches great importance to academic history and contemplation history. This determines that Zhu Xi will not “revise the essays” from a sensory perspective. From the perspective of life, Zhu Xi was 5 years old and wrote “Big School” in his late years. This time, he said that he was exhausted from the “Big School” and was still revising the “integrity” chapter of “Big School” three days before his 71st year. In terms of certain meaning, Zhu Zi would not “revise the text” from a certain point of view. Therefore, Zhu Zi changed “familiar” to “new easyBaobao.comRecent” is definitely not a light change based on one’s own intention, but a “get” of “being killed after one’s desire.”p>
Secondly, there is a basis for changing “family” to “new,” and the judgment of Cheng Zi on the “treat as new” is reliable. Zhu Zi believed that Cheng Zi “has been reviewed by those who are there” (“Big Learning or Questioning”, page 510) was correct, so Zhu Zi believed that this view and changed “provincial” to “new common people” and made a clear idea in one step. In other words, Zhu Zi’s judgment that Cheng’s “feeling, acting as new” was based on his own understanding of the overall nature of the text of “Big Learning”, that is, based on the emotional judgment of “referring it by text” and “examining it by text”. Therefore, Zhu Xi changed “family” to “new” and had sufficient basis. In Zhu Zi’s opinion, “Big Learning” is a “new” work. It is suitable for the whole text to talk about “new learning” and it is also reasonable to use “examine it in literature”.
Third, changing “family” to “new “is not only meditative and reasonable, but also has its own goals. In Zhu Xi’s view, the way of “Big School” was after Mencius, “although his books exist, those who know them are delicious!” (“Four Chapters and Sentences Collection”, page 3) Zhu Xi believed that “new people” was more suitable for the meanings that “Big School” wanted to express and the method of teaching peopleTo raise a monthly price, his modifications included the purpose of “developing its interest”, so that “the ancients learned the laws of teaching people and the sages to be clear and clear in the world” (“Four Books and Sentences Collection”, page 3), which was greatly influenced by “nationalization of common people” and “students cultivate themselves and govern others”, and thus realized that people in the country have social fantasy goals that can understand their virtues and achieve the highest good. In terms of this meaning, Zhu Xi’s most basic goal of “new people” is not to “note” for the develo TC: