requestId:684c3e27c5d0a0.74220304.
“The Republic of the Duijun” is a perfect combination of classical and modern political energy
——Answer american Mingke Shengzhi’s advice (Chinese)
[Note from Confucian Internet Editor: “Sacred, Jizhi and History are in line with the law”——Answer american New York Blessings The article “Application for Political Confucianism” by Thammad Carl F. Minzner” was originally published in the new book “Applying for Political Confucianism” by Teacher Chenggong ([Taiwan] Hongzhengtang Civilization Affairs Co., Ltd., October 2017, AD), and the author authorized the Confucian Network to publish. Because the original text is relatively long, it is compiled from the head according to the content, and is divided into three parts: “Political Confucianism”, “monarchy” and “Confucianism”. The article’s title is added by the Confucian Internet editor and is specially explained. May 14, 2020]
[American Fordham University Law School, Carl F. Minzner was awarded to Yangming Temple to identify several issues of “political Confucianism”. What Ming taught me is the most basic principle of “political Confucianism”, and my answer directly reflects the rational root of “political Confucianism”. Therefore, those who are wise and teach, those who can “greatly ask” and be good at knocking are not as good as those of our country. Ming taught me how many days he studied in the Ming Jingshe, and I studied as much as possible. Chen Hurong and Fan Xudong are on the side. This article is compiled by Chen Hurong Record. The simplicity of understanding. 】
Ming Kesheng: The answer of Master Chenggong made me understand the focus of the problem, which is that you feel worried about the Oriental Thoughts that have filled China in all aspects since the May Fourth Movement. I want to move forward to the next question, which is whether you think China’s journey from Qin and Han to 19 year by year is wrong, because I saw the teacher’s works mention “monarchy politics”, “sage king politics” and “virtual king republic”. So, do you want China to return to the more traditional “sage king era”?
China’s political experience has experienced three eras: the same, the holy king and the kingless.
Caiqing: The time span of this problem is very large, and I will go back to five thousand years ago (laughs).
From my perspective, China’s politics has experienced three stages. The first stage is the “large-simultaneous era”, that is, the “Two Emperors’ Era” of the rule of Shun. This is a fantasy era. In this era, humans have high moral character, and everyone can realize their own value, and fully realize the harmony between society and politics through moral infection.
The second stage is the “Holy King Age”, that is, the “Three Dynasties” represented by Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, so the “Holy King Age” is also called the “Three Dynasties”. This era is worse than the “big era”, but it is also a fantasy era that Confucianism yearns for.
Because in the “Three Generations”, the most important thing is that the “Saint King” is the one who grasps the government, andThe “Saint King” is to manage the country in accordance with “domineeringness”. In modern terms, “domineering” means three highest values, namely “the value of heaven”, “the value of earth” and “the value of man”. Using “domineering” to manage a country means managing a country according to the laws of heaven, history and the will of the people. Specifically speaking of the problems of modern politics in compliance with the law, it means managing a country according to “transcend the sacred compliance with the law”, “the compliance with the law of historical civilization” and “the compliance with the law of human mind”.
Of course, the condition is that political power must be held in the hands of the “Saint King”, but the “Saint King” does not grasp and use political power for its own selfish interests, but to realize the “three talents” of heaven, earth and man to grasp and use political power. The realization of the “three talents” means realization of “the whole country is public.”
So, “the whole country is public” does not only realize “human nature”, that is, not only realize “human value”, but also realize “the way of heaven” and “tunnel”, that is, at the same time, realize “the value of heaven” and “the value of earth”. This kind of “Saint King” thinks that “the way of the three talents” is all in Confucian classics, so the “Three Kings Age” is also a time when humans are very fantasy, and it also realizes the wide range of human religious moral values to a very large level, that is, the human beings exceed the absolute “goodness”, so most people can achieve the moral character of correct people.
However, to achieve this fantasy state, three conditions must be met: 1. A “saint king” must appear, 2. Political power must be held in the hands of the “saint king”, and 3. The “saint king” manages the country according to the three values of “domineering”.
From these three conditions, we see that these conditions are undoubtedly fantasy conditions, but their fantasy is not as good as the “big era”, because in the “Three Kings Age”, it is necessary to use the method of gift to manage the country. As recorded in “Traditional Notes·Big Same Chapter”, the “Three Kings” manage the country “takes gifts as urgent.”
Many people read “Travels·Big Same Chapter” only focus on the first half of the “Same Chapter”, and neglect to talk about the second half of the “Three Kings”. In fact, Confucius was most concerned about the problem in the second half of the door, that is, what should human history do after it joins the “Same Era”?
In the “large era”, it is “politics without politics”, that is, the ruler manages the country according to personality and morality, and the superiors take their own actions as a moral list. The people above follow the examples. The ruler actually does nothing politically, but only improves his own moral cultivation level and plays the role of “upper style and down the grass”, becomingThe list that people follow is over. In “Theory”, Confucius said, “If you rule without any reason, you are Shun? What are you doing? I respect you that you have been stalked in the south.” This is the meaning.
The descendants of this Confucian “politics without doing anything” are also called “governing with arch”. However, the “no-politics” of Confucianism is different from the “no-politics” of Taoism, the “no-politics” of Taoism is complete and ineffective, and the “no-politics” of Confucianism is about “moralization”. “moralization” requires the rulers to improve their own moral cultivation, and thus cultivate and educate the people and improve the moral level of the people, so as to realize the harmony and peace of society and politics. Therefore, the Confucian “no-support politics” is actually still “supported”, and cultivating morality and becoming common people means “supported”.
The reason why Confucianism emphasizes the meaning of “virtuous transformation” is that it is important to suggest that secular rulers have purely appointed laws and regulations to manage countries, because Confucianism believes that pure laws and regulations to manage countries not only fail to truly realize social political harmony, but will instead reduce the moral level of the people, making the people not understand that breaking the law is a moral humiliation, that is, what Confucius said, “people are exempt from being vulnerable.”
However, after entering the “Three Kings Age”, we became disagreeable and could not achieve the “unscrupulous politics” of the “Two Emperors Age”, so we need to use the system of honor to manage society and the country. The gift includes a lot of systemic content, including human spiritual problems, behavioral problems, marriage problems, family problems, social problems, religious problems, moral problems, political problems, economic problems, teaching problems, legal problems, military problems, international problems, ecological problems, etc. Almost all human problems are included in the gift.
Because the deep and wider aspects of these gifts have emerged, and the “sage king” joined the “sacred king” to manage the country after the “simultaneous era”, this management method is also called “king system”. The differences between “king system” and “moral transformation” are based on “grace governance” rather than on “moral governance”. Because in the “Three Kings Era”, we have entered the “well-off” era of “gifting as a ritua